Irkutsk Travel Guide
Irkutsk is located 60km East of the world famous Lake Baikal. It is administrative
centre of Irkutsk oblast (province) in the east-central Russia. The city
lies along the Angara River at its confluence with the Irkut River. More
than 750,000 people live in this city surrounded by natural beauty. Gorgeous
birch forests link urban center to its residential area giving a kind of
resort feeling to Irkutsk.
It was founded as a wintering camp in 1652, during the first Russian colonization
of the area; a fort was built in 1661, and Irkutsk rapidly became the main
centre of Cisbaikalia and of the Russian trade route to China and Mongolia.
It acquired town status in 1686. Its importance grew after the coming of
the Trans-Siberian Railroad in 1898. The city of Irkutsk, with attractive
embankments along the river and many surviving wooden houses on its tree-lined
streets, is an administrative and cultural centre for Eastern Siberia and
of the Russian Far East. Irkutsk State University (1918) and the Siberian
branch of the Academy of Sciences are among the city’s many teaching
and research institutes.b>Irkutsk has taken on several roles in its
nearly 350 years of existence, including expedition base for explorations
of Siberia, city of exiles, and gold rush town, just to name a few. The
city’s nicknames include the capital of Siberia, the pearl of Siberia,
and even Paris of Siberia.
Irkutsk is lighthearted and sunny, filled with pastel-colored 18th century buildings and delicately sculptured old wooden houses where the political rebels lived n serene exile. Elaborate brick mansions were built at the turn of the century, and the dark black wooden cabins were adorned with a local "lace" sculpture that gives them a touch of the Italian Renaissance.
In the late 19th century, gold was discovered in the nearby Lena Basin, and the Siberian Gold Rush began. People came to the region hoping to strike it rich, and those who were successful built sprawling classical mansions and financed public buildings, some of which still stand today.
Irkutsk is in many ways the heart of Siberia, with its proximity to
Lake Baikal. As a local writer once noted, "To miss seeing Irkutsk
is to miss Siberia."